Abies spectabilis is an evergreen Tree
growing to 30 m at a slow rate; trunk to more than 1.5 m d.b.h.; bark rough,
scaly; branchlets yellowish grey, brown, or reddish brown, furrowed, pubescent
or glabrous, densely leafy; winter buds globose or ovoid, resinous. Leaves ascending
on upper side of cone-bearing branchlets, pectinately arranged in 2 lateral
sets on young and vegetative branchlets, bright green adaxially, linear, 2-6 cm
long, 2-2.5 mm wide, stomatal lines in 2 white bands abaxially, resin canals 2,
marginal, apex emarginate or 2-cleft. Seed cones dark purple, maturing to dark
brown or blue-brown with a little purple, cylindric, 8.5-20 cm long, 4.5-7.5 cm
wide. Seed scales at middle of cones flabellate-trapeziform, 2.3-2.8 cm long,
2.8-3.4 cm wide, and margin auriculate and thin laterally. Bracts included, spatulate,
1/3-1/2 as long as seed scales, apex with an acute, short cusp. Seeds ca. 1 cm;
wing broadly cuneate, longer than seeds, apex truncate. The flowers are
monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be
found on the same plant) and are pollinated by Wind.
The species has a wide distribution from
East Nepal into eastern Afghanistan. It occurs along the southern side of the
Himalaya and outlying ridges, forming forests at higher elevation. Abies
spectabilis is usually the dominant tree in the stands but may occur with other
conifers or broadleafed trees such as Betula and Acer in parts of the range.
Abies spectabilis is the dominant tree in
the forests of the central and western Himalaya, especially from c. 3,000 m to
4,000 m, with occasional occurrences on ridges below this height. It needs cool
moist conditions at the roots, thus growing better on north facing slopes and
often giving way to grass or shrubs on south facing ones.
IUCN Catagory: Near Threatened (ver 3.1)
Local Name
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Talispatra, Thaasing (Sherpa)
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English Name
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Fir
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Family
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Pinaceae
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Scientific Name
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Abies spectabilis (D. Don.) spach
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Habit
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Tree up to 30 m
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Flowering Period
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October to December
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Fruiting Period
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April to August
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Habitat
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Temperate and Alpine zone
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Occurrence in
Nepal
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Southern Slope of Higher Mountain
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Use
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Medicine (young leaves), dye (yonger fruit), timber, resin, making paper
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